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ADOConnection._Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160)) % line 1032, file: adodb.inc.php
ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 160) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocabs WHERE symbolic = 'submissionKeyword' AND assoc_type = 1048585 AND assoc_id = 160
(mysqli): SELECT cve.* FROM controlled_vocab_entries cve WHERE cve.controlled_vocab_id = 720 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocab_entry_settings WHERE controlled_vocab_entry_id = '492'
(mysqli): SELECT ps.*,
s.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
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FROM published_submissions ps
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WHERE sst.setting_name = 'pub-id::publisher-id' AND sst.setting_value = '160' ORDER BY ps.issue_id, s.submission_id
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COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
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FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 160 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '281'
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JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
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WHERE a.submission_id = 160 AND a.include_in_browse = 1 ORDER BY seq
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(mysqli): INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160)
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(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
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ADOConnection._Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160)) % line 1032, file: adodb.inc.php
ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 160) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocabs WHERE symbolic = 'submissionKeyword' AND assoc_type = 1048585 AND assoc_id = 160
(mysqli): SELECT cve.* FROM controlled_vocab_entries cve WHERE cve.controlled_vocab_id = 720 ORDER BY seq
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(mysqli): INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160)
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(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
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ADOConnection._Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160)) % line 1032, file: adodb.inc.php
ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 160), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 160) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocabs WHERE symbolic = 'submissionKeyword' AND assoc_type = 1048585 AND assoc_id = 160
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ANTIBIOTICS IN THE HANDS OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: A PROSPECTIVE AVENUE FOR COMMUNITY BASED ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE
| African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment
ANTIBIOTICS IN THE HANDS OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: A PROSPECTIVE AVENUE FOR COMMUNITY BASED ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
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WHERE a.submission_id = 160 ORDER BY seq
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(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '281'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '282'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '283'
N. A. Isabel
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
O. I. Joshua
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
A. E. Efe
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Keywords:
Antibiotics, Pharmacists, community pharmacy, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Prescribing
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is high on the agenda of global health organizations with an increasing interest in community-based AMS initiatives, as this is where the majority of antibiotic use occurs. This study sought to evaluate the practice of community pharmacists toward antibiotic use and the likely need for AMS. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among registered community pharmacists in Benin City, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. All study participants were duly informed on study objectives and informed consent was sought. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Of the 101 pharmacists who participated in the study, 92 (91.1%) dispensed antibiotics without prescription. The most prescribed antibiotic is Ciprofloxacin 59(58.42%), followed by Amoxicillin 42 (41.58%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid 41 (40.59%). Ninety-six (95%) of the pharmacists use antibiotics agents as an adjunct in Typhoid fever treatment, and 78(77.2%) of them use it as an adjunct in Malaria treatment. Cost 32 (31.68%) is the most common reason for dispensing antibiotics without laboratory investigation and physician’s consultation. Most (93.1%) pharmacists agree that they need training on antimicrobial stewardship practice. The antibiotic prescription pattern among community pharmacists was high, the possibility of antibiotic misuse in the hands of community pharmacists without appropriate guidelines cannot be overlooked. This emphasizes the need for the inclusion of community pharmacies in antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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(mysqli): SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'usagestatsplugin' AND context_id = 1
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 160 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '281'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '282'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '283'
Isabel, N. A., Joshua, O. I., & Efe, A. E. (2021). ANTIBIOTICS IN THE HANDS OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: A PROSPECTIVE AVENUE FOR COMMUNITY BASED ANTIMICROBIAL STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE. African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 2(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v2i2.160
