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ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 170), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 170) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
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JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 170 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '313'
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(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 170)
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(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
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ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 170) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
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(mysqli): INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
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('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 170)
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DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 170) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
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ACCESSIBILITY AND USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
| African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment
ACCESSIBILITY AND USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
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WHERE a.submission_id = 170 ORDER BY seq
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(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '315'
N. A. Isabel
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
A. E. Efe
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
O. I. Joshua
Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Keywords:
Antibiotics, Pharmacists, community pharmacy, Patients, Accessibility
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an increasing problem worldwide. Among contributory factors is increasing easy access to antibiotics which is a trend in developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine the accessibility and use of antibiotics. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in eight community pharmacies in Benin City, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Administrative approval was obtained from the superintendent pharmacists, while informed consent was sought from all study participants. The data obtained from the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Of the 450 participants in the study, most [329 (73.11%)] had used antibiotics in the last six months before their current visit to the pharmacy, 207 (46%) of them took the antibiotic without laboratory investigation. Many [274 (60.89%)] of the participants had an antibiotic among the medications they got from the pharmacy on their current visit. More than half [289 (64.22%)] of the participants sometimes got antibiotics without prescription. More Pharmacists recommended antibiotics for participants compared to doctors (44.11%: 24.44%), while more than half of the study population (62.89%) got their antibiotics from pharmacies. Many [295 (65.56%)] of the participants think that the country should regulate antibiotic use. This study has shown that community pharmacy is a major outlet where patients source antibiotics sometimes without a prescription, thus denoting that many patients self-medicate with antibiotics. The need for incorporating community pharmacists in developing guidelines for prescribing and using antibiotics is crucial.
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(mysqli): SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'usagestatsplugin' AND context_id = 1
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
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WHERE a.submission_id = 170 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '313'
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Isabel, N. A., Efe, A. E., & Joshua, O. I. (2021). ACCESSIBILITY AND USE OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PATIENTS VISITING COMMUNITY PHARMACIES IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA. African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 2(2), 154 -164. https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v2i2.170
